Submarine telegraphy or telephony.



W. HAHNEMANNt SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY OR TELEPHONY.

APPLICATION FlLED FEB. 17. 1913.

1 ,1 90, 1 5 6. Patented July 4, 1916.

SUIBMARINE TELEGBAPHY OB TELEIPHGITY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July Application filed February 17, 1913. Serial No. 749,007.

To all whom it may 0072mm I Be it known that I, lVALTnn HAHNEMANN, engineer, a subject of the King of Saxony, residing at and whose post-office address is 21 Holtenauerstrasse, Kiel, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Relating to Submarine Telegraphy or Telephony, of which the following is a. specification.

This invention relates to submarine telegraphy or telephony and has reference to systems of the kind in which current lines originating at a distant transmitting station are utilized to operate a telephone or other receiving instrument at a receiving station. In the case of communicating between ships, the problem arises as to how to provide for the receiving of an adequate current from the water in proximity to the body of the ship, in view of the fact that the ships body oilers What is practically a short in parallel with this short-circuiting path is practically deprived of current, which would otherwise pass through it by way of the receiving members carried by the ship, such members usually being metal plates located in the Water outside the ship.

Even if alternating currents are used of sufiicient high frequency to increase the effective resistance of the ships body to current lines passing through it, this resistance is still so small as compared with that of the usual receiving circuit, owing to the inclusion in-the latter of a telephone, galvanometer, or the like, that a. current of satisfactory strength does not traverse the receiving instrument.

According to the present invention and for the purpose of overcoming the defective action above noted the electrical dimensions of the receiving circuit in parallel with the short-circuiting path offered by the ships body are such that the resistance of the circuit is so small as to be comparable in magnitude with that of the said short-circuiting ath. The actual receiving instrument may be connected directly with conductors leading to it from the submerged metal plates or equivalent receiving members, or the said instrument may be merely coupled inductively to the conductors, andthe latter may constitute a single conductor, extending from one plate to the other, or may consist of two conductors extending from the shios body to the respective plates. In either the cross sectional area of the conductor or pair of conductors is comparatively and therefore of small electrical resistance, and it the receiving instrument is directly connected, it also should have small electrical resistance. In cases where the receiving instrument, telephone for instance, is inductively coupled with the aforesaid conductor or conductors on the transformer principle, the resistance of the conductors of the secondary circuit bears a suitable relation to the resistance of the instrument itself.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into the same will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents, diagrammatically, a ship in a region of current lines, and a receiving circuit in which the receiving instrument is connected directly in the circuit. Fig. 2 represents, diagrammatically, a modification in which the receiving instrument inductively coupled by a. single transiorrne arrangement. Figs. 3 and repres diagrammatically,- a further modific n in which the receiving instrument is inductively coupled by a double transformer arra ngement.

Referring first to Fig. 1, 8 represents ships body, (2V and Z) are two receiving plates carried by it, c is a receiving instrument and c and d are conductors connecting plates (1 and b respectively to the instrument a. The ships body is in a region of current lines L L, which partly penetrate it and partly reach theplates (L and F7. in accordance with the present invention the conduc tors c and d are of large cross section, and the receiving instrument 6 is of very small resistance, the result being that the total resistance of the current path I? c e Z: not dilier too consider-ab y from resist-= ance of the ships body to present a current of satisfactory strengt i from traversing receiving instrument.

In the embodiment oi? the inventl in Fig. 2 the general arrangement spect to the ships bod; is similar to t Fig. 1, butthe conductor a and (5 co a single conductor form diate point in length winding of a transformer t. This primary winding 19 is Wound around an iron core 9, on which are also mounted the secondary windings 8 .9 The receiving instrument, a teleph0ne,is shown at f connected in series with the secondary windings 8 of which the resistance and the number of convolutions bear a suitablerelation to the electrical characteristics of the telephone f. In this case also, as in Fig. 1, the dimensions of the conductors 0 (Z, including also those of the primary winding 77, are such that the low electrical resistance of the current path a c p d 6 enables the number of current iines originating at a distant transmitting pparatus and traversing this low resistance path to be sufiicient to effectively actuate the r ceiving instrument by way of the transitormer [1. The conductors 0 Z of Fig. "2, however, need not be quite so large in cross section as those of Fig. 1.

In the modified arrangement shown in Figs. 3 iind at, each of the receiving plates 0; and Z) is connected to the ships body by means of a conductor constituting the primary of a transformer. The plate a is connected to the ships body by way of the primary winding t of a transformer 71, and the plate 5 b way of the primary winding t of a trans 'ormer 7c. Current lines in the water at plate a pass from the latter by way of the primary winding t to the ships body, t1. 11 through the latter, and out again into the ter by way of the primary winding t and p. "e 7). The transformer windings t t are arranged close to the respective plates, whereby the result is insured that a current sufficient for receiving purposes actually flows through these windings.

The secondary windingsiv s and s s of the transformer i and 7c respectively form a secondary circuit, the windings s .9 being connected directly by the conductor h, and the windings s .9- connected by the conductors c (l respectively to the receiving telephone 0. The resistance and the number of convolutions of these secondary ,windings bear a suitable relation to the electrical characteristics of the telephone. With a telephone of adequately high resistance, the conductors c rland it can have a very small cross section. The invention can therefore be carried into practice in a relatively sim ple manner, particularly if a high resistance telephone or other receiving instrument is used.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention ant. in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. A. system of submarine telegraphy or telephony in. which current lines originating at a distant transmitting station are utilized to operate a regeiv'iug instrument on a ship, said systemgliaving spaced submerged receiving electrodes carried 'by the ship, the resistance of the receiving circuit between said electrodes being so small as to be comparable with that of the short-circuiting path afforded by the ships body, for the purpose specified.

2. A system of submarine telegraphy or telephony in which current lines originating at a distant transmitting station are utilized to operate a receiving instrument on a ship, said system having spaced submerged receiving electrodes carried by the ship and a receiving circuit in parallel with the short-circuiting path afforded by the ship's body, and the resistance of the receiving circuit between said electrodes being so small as to be comparable with that of the short-circuiting path afforded by the ships body,'for the purpose specified.

3. A system of submarine telegraphy or telephony in which current lines originating at a distant transmitting station are utilized to operate a receiving instrument on a ship, said system having a receiving circuit comprising a transformer system having. a secondary circuit connected to the receiving instrument and a primary circuit comprising spaced submerged receiving electrodes carried by the ship, the resistance of the circuit between said electrodes being so small as to be comparable with that of the short-circuiting path afiorded by the ships body, for the purpose specified.

t. A system of submarine telegraphy or telephony in which c'urrent lines originating at a distant transmitting station are utilized to operate a receiving instrument on a ship, said system having a receiving circuit comprising a transformer system the secondary of which is connected to the receiving instrumentwhilc the primary circuit is arranged in parallel with the shortcircuiting path afforded by the ships body and has a resistance so small as to be comparable with that of the short-circuiting path afforded by the ships body, for the purpose specified.

A system of submarine telegraphy or telephony in which current lines originat ing at a distant transmitting station are utilized to operate a receiving instrument on a ship, said system having a receiving circuit comprising a transformer system having a plurality of secondary circuits con- .nected together through the receiving inutilized to operate a receiving instrument on a ship, said system having a receiving circuit comprising a transformer system having a plurality of secondary 'circuits connected together through the receiving instrument, and a plurality of primary circuits therefor arranged in parallel with the short-circuiting path afforded by the ships body -and having a resistance so small as to be comparable with that of the short-.cir- 1o cuiting path aiforded by the ships body, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WALTER HAHNEMANN. Witnesses:

MAX KALWA,

HUeo LIEKELT. 

